Lepidoptera on improved cowpea and noncowpea varieties at maradi, niger 1baoua, b. Crambidae, is known to be involved in maintaining hemolymph trehalose levels and promoting larval growth. Common names include legume pod borer, bean pod borer, lima bean pod borer, mung moth or maruca. Identifcation authority summary origins are generally not helpful because m.
The parasitoid apanteles taragamae viereck hymenoptera. Cowpea is considered the most important food grain legume in the dry savannas of tropical africa. Maruca vitrata is a major pest that inflicts severe damage to cowpea on farmers fields. Maruca vitrata is a cosmopolitan pest that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The species was first described by johan christian fabricius in 1787. Attacks flowers and pods of various legumes, up to 80% yield loss. Insects 2017, 8, 60 2 of 16 the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius lepidoptera, crambidae, is oligophagous on legumes in the tropics and subtropics, and is a serious pest of grain legumes 12. The arrangement and orientation of the proteincoding, 2 rrna, and 19 trna genes sequenced was typical of. Identification and pheromonotropic activity of pheromone.
The studies on the biology recorded that the preoviposition. Maruca vitrata is a serious obstacle for introducing pigeonpea into new areascropping systems, e. Studies on the incidence of maruca vitrata fabricius crambidae. Maruca was largely responsible for the initial quarantine of beans entering the united states from puerto rico leonard and mills 1931. Current study was undertaken to explore the utility of sex pheromone for its management. Feeding preferences of the legume pod borer maruca vitrata. Studies on the incidence of maruca vitrata fabricius. Feeding preferences of the legume pod borer maruca vitrata lepidoptera. It is widely distributed in asia, africa, australia and the. Floral volatiles from vigna unguiculata are olfactory and. Confined field trials are currently in their fourth. Infestation of maruca vitrata is characterized by holes in bean pods with extruded frass and internal decay of the pod.
The bean pod borer moth is an important pest of legumes. Female sex pheromone blends and male response of the. In severe infestations, yield losses of between 7080% have been reported. Crambidae, a legume pod borer has been investigated as destructive pest of cowpea and other legume crops in africa and asia 1. Past, present and future research volume 9 issue 1 s. In this study, we investigated the survival and life table parameters of m.
Maruca vitrata was considered to be of quarantine significance by pierce 1917 and was listed as a pest of export concern by holdeman 1986 under the name maruca testulatus, a misspelling. Identification and pheromonotropic activity of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in maruca vitrata author links open overlay panel wook hyun cha a jin kyo jung b yonggyun kim c daeweon lee a. Pdf seasonal incidence of maruca vitrata geyer and. Mitochondrial genome sequence and expression profiling for the legume pod borer maruca vitrata lepidoptera. Efficacy of a cry1ab gene for control of maruca vitrata. It is absent from north africa and the temperate regions of europe and north america taylor 1978. We report the assembly of the 14,054 bp near complete sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of the legume pod borer lpb, maruca vitrata lepidoptera. Iis in the legume pod borer, maruca vitrata lepidoptera. It belongs to the family crambidae and order lepidoptera. Abstract maruca vitrata fabricius is a pantropical lepidopteran pest of legumes.
The present study was carried out to study the relative seasonal abundance and damage potential of spotted pod borer, maruca vitrata fab. The soybean pod borer, maruca vitrata is one of the key insect pests of tropical legumes. Pyralidae on cowpea vigna nguiculata walp and its insecticides application trial liao c. Keys about fact sheets glossary larval morphology references. Pdf new artificial diet for continuous rearing of the. Caterpillar feeding can injure bean pods and flowers of legume crops. Potentials and constraints cowpea for food and poverty. Maruca vitrata was formerly classified as maruca testulalis geyer and crochiphora testulalis geyer. Mitochondrial genome sequence and expression profiling for. Crambidae, which we subsequently used to estimate divergence and relationships within the lepidopteran lineage. Dabirebinso, niango malick ba, antoine sanon, barry robert pittendrigh. Integrated pest management ipm in grain legumes in asia. It is widespread in tropical areas, especially east and west africa and india, and most injurious to beans phaseolus vulgaris, cowpea vigna unguiculata, pigeon pea cajanus cajan and green gram vigna radiata.
Host plants include beans, cowpeas and other legumes like lablab and kudzu. Phylogenetic analysis of a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidasei gene cox1 fragment indicates that three maruca sp. The larva further damages the reproductive parts of flower leading to poor pod setting and pod formation. Effect of climate change on onset of insect infestation there will be more number of generations due to shortening of development time due to rise in temperature in the tropics. Geographic distribution of phylogeneticallydistinct. The mechanisms of resistance, factors responsible for the resistance are discussed in this paper. Experiments for the optimization of traps and lures were continued in benin downham et al. Its common names include the maruca pod borer, bean pod borer, soybean pod borer, mung moth, and the legume pod borer. The parasitoid wasp apanteles taragamae is a promising candidate for the biological control of the legume pod borer maruca vitrata, which recently has been introduced into benin. Spotted pod borer, maruca vitrata geyer in legumes. Oct in india, maruca has emerged as an important pest.
Pdf regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment. The adults were put in cups for oviposition in a room maintained at 24c with 5875%rh. Several studies on increasing field attractancy using sex pheromones have not been satisfactory. Maruca vitrata larvae used for the trails were obtained from massrearing facilities at iarabu, inera, and sari. The laboratory investigations on biology of pod borer, maruca vitrata geyer was carried out during the year 2012 at the department of agricultural entomology, college of agriculture, dapoli, ratnagiri.
Effects of volatiles from maruca vitrata larvae and. The spotted pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius is predominant species in south india and is a serious pest because of its extensive host range, destructiveness and distribution 2. Young larvae of maruca vitrata bore into flowers and older larvae will bore into bean pods. The overlap of the gene coding sequence between those of m. Mitochondrial genome sequence and expression profiling. Studies on biology and management of spotted pod borer, maruca vitrata geyer on redgram were conducted at lam farm and in the laboratory, pulses section, lam.
Survival and life table parameters of soybean pod borer. Ganapathy department of agricultural entomology tamil nadu agricultural university, coimbatore 641 003 spotted pod borer is one of the key insect pests of tropical food legumes damaging tender. A study on biology of spotted pod borer, maruca vitrata was studied on greengram under laboratory conditions during rabi 20142015 at the regional agricultural research station, lam, guntur. Maruca vitrata is a significant constraint to cowpea production in most cowpea growing areas of subsaharan africa. Biology of pod borer, maruca vitrata geyer infesting. This study assessed cold tolerance and coldhardening of m. The field experiment was conducted on the seasonal incidence of spotted pod borer, maruca vitrata geyer and gram pod borer, helicoverpa armigera hubner on black gram at chatha farm, skuastjammu during summer 2018. The project, which started in 2008 is accessing and inserting the cry1ab gene bt gene into selected cowpea varieties to protect the crop against the maruca pod borer.
The quantitative expression profile of cistrons transcribed from maruca vitrata mitochondrial genome. Crambidae, a serious pest of flowers and pods of cowpea vigna unguiculata. African journal of biotechnology application of cry1ab. Crambidae larvae and suitability of different flower parts for larval development. Actually two forms of maruca vitrata are present in australia. New artificial diet for continuous rearing of the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata article pdf available in journal of insect science 121. Maruca vitrata is a pantropical insect pest of leguminous crops like pigeon pea, cowpea, mung bean and soybean. The female moth laid eggs on the flower buds, flower petals, tender pods and on inner surface of glass jar. The results revealed that in 2000 and 2001 seasons the mean number of maruca vitrata f. Recombinant dna technology have led to development of some cowpea lines with maruca. Pest risk analysis for maruca vitrata fabricius, bean. The highest number of maruca larval population as well as webbings per plant was recorded during 40th standard meteorological week smw during the three.
Rapid coldhardening of a subtropical species, maruca. Crambidae, is invasive to temperate zones, in which low temperatures during winter would be a serious challenge for colonization. Maruca vitrata sex pheromone in two chinese populations 417 cantly more males than any other blend baiting with the major component alone or with a twocomponent blend, or virgin females in a. Regulatory considerations surrounding the deployment of btexpressing cowpea in africa. The effects of volatiles from cowpea and peabush flowers and maruca vitrata larvae on host selection behavior of the parasitoid apanteles taragamae were investigated under laboratory conditions. Relative abundance, population dynamics and damage. Pyralidae, the legume podborer, is a key pest of cowpea jackai, 1995 as well as other legume crops. This insect pest is widely distributed throughout tropical and. Braconidae has been introduced into benin by the international institute of tropical agriculture iitabenin station from taiwan in an attempt to control the cowpea pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius lepidoptera. The importance of cotton boll worm legume pod borer, helicoverpa armigera. Australia, taiwan, and west africa niger, nigeria, and.
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